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Data Storage & Memory · Recorded milestone

3D NAND flash

Recorded year2013

Memory cells are stacked in layers to pack in far more data.

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Built on

Information theoryRecorded · 1948requires
LaserRecorded · 1960requires
Flash memoryRecorded · 1984enables

Led to

3D DRAMForecast · ~2031enables
A petabyte in your pocketForecast · ~2040enables

Sources & evidence

Additional source

Dataset updated 2026-10-18. This individual record has not been separately re-reviewed.