Water & Sanitation · Recorded milestone
Reverse-osmosis membrane
Recorded year1960
Loeb and Sourirajan make a membrane that removes salt from water.
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No connections of this kind are recorded.
Led to
- Large-scale desalinationRecorded · 1977enables
- Personal water filterRecorded · 1999enables
- Potable water recyclingRecorded · 2008enables
- PFAS destruction plantsRecorded · 2023enables
- Microplastic filters on every washerForecast · ~2032enables
- Lunar life-support spare-part independenceForecast · ~2086influences
Sources & evidence
Dataset updated 2026-10-18. This individual record has not been separately re-reviewed.