Biotech & Genetics · Recorded milestone
Chemical DNA synthesis
Recorded year1981
Phosphoramidite chemistry lets machines write any short DNA sequence, supplying primers, CRISPR guides and synthetic genes.
Explore this milestone on the interactive mapBuilt on
Led to
- PCRRecorded · 1983enables
- DNA computingRecorded · 1994enables
- DNA origamiRecorded · 2006enables
- Synthetic cellRecorded · 2010enables
- DNA data storageRecorded · 2012enables
- Automated biofoundriesRecorded · 2015enables
- Synthetic nutrient locks for engineered cellsRecorded · 2015enables
- Portable freeze-dried cell-free biomanufacturingRecorded · 2016enables
- Data stored in living cellsRecorded · 2017enables
- Synthetic genomesRecorded · 2017enables
- AI-designed proteins in industryForecast · ~2027enables
- DNA archives in data centresForecast · ~2033enables
- Chromosome-scale DNA writingForecast · ~2035enables
- Mirror-life safeguardsForecast · ~2040enables
- Universal DNA-synthesis screeningForecast · ~2040enables
- Cellular heredity using an XNA backboneForecast · ~2060enables
Sources & evidence
Dataset updated 2026-10-18. This individual record has not been separately re-reviewed.